Raft
In
a raft system (also known as float, deep channel and deep flow) the
plants are grown on Polystyrene boards (rafts) that float on top of
water. Most often, this is in a tank separate from the fish tank. Water
flows continuously from the fish tank, through filtration components,
through the raft tank where the plants are grown and then back to the
fish tank.The beneficial bacteria live in the raft tank and throughout the system. The extra volume of water in the raft tank provides a buffer for the fish, reducing stress and potential water quality problems. This is one of the greatest benefits of the raft system.
In a commercial system, the raft tanks can cover large areas, best utilizing the floor space in a greenhouse. Plant seedlings are transplanted on one end of the raft tank. The rafts are pushed forward on the surface of the water over time and then the mature plants are harvested at the other end of the raft. Once a raft is harvested, it can be replanted with seedlings and set into place on the opposite end. The optimizes floor space, which is especially important in a commercial greenhouse setting.
NFT
NFT
(Nutrient Film Technique) is a method in which the plants are grown in
long narrow channels. A thin film of water continuously flows down each
channel, providing the plant roots with water, nutrients and oxygen. As
with the raft system, water flows continuously from the fish tank,
through filtration components, through the NFT channels where the plants
are grown and then back to the fish tank. In NFT, a separate bio filter
is required, however, because there is not a large amount of water or
surface for the beneficial bacteria to live. In addition, the plumbing
used in a hydroponic NFT system is usually not large enough to be used
in aquaponcis because the organic nature of the system and "living"
water will cause clogging of small pipes and tubes. NFT aquaponics shows
potential but, at this time, it is used less than the other two methods
discussed here.Media-filled bed
A
media-filled bed system uses a tank or container that is filled with
gravel, perlite or another media for the plant bed. This bed is
periodically flooded with water from the fish tank. The water then
drains back to the fish tank. All waste, including the solids, is broken
down within the plant bed. Sometimes worms are added to the
gravel-filled plant bed to enhance the break-down of the waste. This
method uses the fewest components and no additional filtration, making
it simple to operate. The production is, however, much lower than the
two methods described above. The media-filled bed is often used for
hobby applications where maximizing production is not a goal.
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